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By Jonathan Bales

A Look at the Cowboys’ Tight End Situation

At NBC, I posted a couple articles on the Cowboys’ tight ends. The first is a look at James Hanna’s 2012 usage and how it might affect Gavin Escobar in 2013.

I thought Hanna showed some good things as a receiver in 2012, which is why the selection of Gavin Escobar in the second round of the 2013 NFL Draft was so perplexing. The Cowboys targeted Hanna only 11 times last year. That alone is probably evidence that the coaching staff wasn’t all that high on him; maybe he was terrible in practice or maybe he wasn’t a good enough blocker to stay on the field. Nonetheless, all but two of Hanna’s targets came in the final four games of the season, suggesting he was progressing.

Here are the 11 routes on which Hanna was targeted last season: drag (4), hitch (3), post (2), and flat (2). If you know anything about football, you know only the post is a vertical route. Actually, only one of Hanna’s 11 targets came more than 10 yards downfield. Yes, 10 of Hanna’s 11 targets were 10 yards or fewer, including eight that were five yards or fewer. The average depth of all of the targets was just 6.4 yards.

Hanna caught eight of his targets and totaled 86 yards, primarily because he averaged 6.5 yards on the ground after each catch. The Cowboys already had an athletic, pass-catching tight end who can’t block much but is capable of getting downfield as a receiver, but they drafted another athletic, pass-catching tight end who can’t block much but is capable of getting downfield as a receiver. Why not see what you have in Hanna before spending an early-round selection on a similar player?

I also examined the Cowboys’ passing success with Jason Witten in pass protection.

On the 78 passes Romo got off with Witten as a blocker, the quarterback completed 47 of them (60.3 percent) for 604 yards (7.74 YPA), six touchdowns, and four interceptions. That’s good for a passer rating of 88.8—below Romo’s overall mark. Historically, the Cowboys have been better with Witten out in routes, and the trend continued in 2012.

Although Witten is still an above-average receiver, his blocking has deteriorated in recent years. No one really wants to admit it, but Witten isn’t dominant as either a run blocker or in pass protection. He’s not a liability by any means, but keeping him in to block on passing plays doesn’t afford Romo any extra time to find his targets. All it does is give him one less receiver, and an important one at that.

Actually, the Cowboys have given up a higher sack rate with Witten in to block as compared to when he’s in a route. In 2012, defenses sacked Romo on 5.2 percent of his dropbacks. That rate jumped to 7.1 percent when Witten was used in pass protection.

By Jonathan Bales

Why Cowboys’ defense will be improved in 2013

At Dallas News, I discussed one aspect of the Cowboys’ new defense that I like.

The Cowboys’ defense played horribly for much of the 2012 season. Whether it was due to a rash of injuries or poor defensive play-calling, the ‘Boys ranked 24th in points allowed, net-YPA allowed, andYPC allowed. They also checked in with a league-low seven interceptions.

While I’m not thrilled about Monte Kiffin’s age, I think his overarching defensive philosophy is going to benefit the Cowboys in a big way. The reason is that the Cowboys seem to be emphasizing speedover weight, switching to a 4-3 defense and loading up on undersized talent. Being undersized can be an advantage in today’s NFL. Teams already run too much as it is, so gearing up to stop the pass—thus forcing teams to run even more—is a smart move.

Let’s take a look back at “prototypical” Monte Kiffin players. I listed the average height and weight for Kiffin’s starters during his reign in Tampa Bay.

  • DT: 6-3, 295 pounds
  • DE: 6-3, 273 pounds
  • LB: 6-1, 230 pounds
  • S: 6-0, 207 pounds
  • CB: 6-0, 193 pounds

Remember, that was already a very undersized lineup. Now, take a look at the size of the Cowboys’ projected 2013 starters:

  • DT: 6-5, 304 pounds
  • DE: 6-4, 252 pounds
  • LB: 6-2, 238 pounds
  • S: 6-2, 217 pounds
  • CB: 6-0, 198 pounds

You can see that the Cowboys—who will boast one of the league’s smaller defensive units in 2013—are very comparable to Kiffin’s Tampa Bay defenses. They’re much longer along the line—an important trait for pass-rushers—including possessing more bulk inside. The ends are far lighter than what Kiffin has used in the past, but does anyone think DeMarcus Ware and Anthony Spencer are going to have problems stopping the run?

By Jonathan Bales

Fantasy Football: Josh Gordon, Denarius Moore, and Other Potential Breakouts

The guys at rotoViz have been pumping out some awesome content.

Darrius Heyward-Bey, Colts
Heyward-Bey is considered a bust because of his high draft slot, but he’s gotten better each year he’s been in the league. On a per-target basis, DHB has also shown great improvement in his fantasy numbers. He has some competition in Indianapolis, but he also has a quarterback who can propel him to WR2 status.

Justin Blackmon, Jaguars
Blackmon’s suspension should be viewed as a blessing in disguise for fantasy owners. Instead of docking Blackmon four games worth of points when creating his projection, you should subtract four games of points and then add the points you’ll receive from a replacement receiver. Since his ADP has already dropped four rounds since getting suspended, that makes Blackmon perhaps the best value in the entire draft at this point. And the receiver’s 64/865/5 line from 2012 is actually really good for a rookie.

Josh Gordon, Browns
Wide receivers who stand 6-3, 225 pounds and possess sub-4.5 speed aren’t easy to find. Gordon showed flashes in his rookie year with numbers comparable to Blackmon’s – 50 receptions, 805 yards and five scores. Most important, the big-play threat just turned 22, meaning there’s a ton of room for development.


Gordon may or may not break out this year, but there’s little doubt that he’s a volcano waiting to erupt. The fact that he looked so polished at such a young age suggests 2013 could be the season, and I can’t think of a wide receiver who offers better value in dynasty leagues.

Anyway, today’s poker concept is implied odds. Basically, in Texas Hold’ Em, good players prefer a hand like the 6 and 7 of clubs to an unsuited Ace and a 9. Even though Ace – 9 is more likely to win a given hand, it’s much less likely to make a verystrong hand (think straights and flushes) that could win a big pot. Generally, with Ace – 9, when you play a big pot you’ll likely – at best – be against a stronger Ace – Number combo, and you stand to lose a lot of money. However, a straight made with 6 – 7 can beat all the one-pair and two-pair hands, as well as the 3-of-a-kinds that would be willing to play a big pot.

Alright, now let’s try to tie this in to fantasy football. Basically, anyone you pick in rounds 10+ is a pretty low investment player, and they probably aren’t someone you’re counting on for a contribution most of the time. What you really want out of a guy in the 13th round isn’t to have the 42nd best running back in fantasy: you would never start that guy anyway. What you want is someone with the potential to be a top 24 back who you can plug into your lineup on a weekly basis.

Ok, enough studying, let’s play cards:

Player to fold: Mikel Leshoure (current FFCalc positional ADP=38)

He’s a backup right now looking at 8-10 touches a week and a handful of touchdowns. If that’s something startable in your league, go for it, but otherwise it’s just not that valuable. He is Reggie Bush’s handcuff, but we saw what he could do with a full-time starting job last year, and it was under a 1000-yards pace. That’s his Reggie-Bush-gets-hurt upside, meh…

Flop with: Bryce Brown (current FFCalc  positional ADP=40)

This is mind-blowing. We know Brown pretty much instantly becomes a top 15 option if McCoy goes down, and with the projected pace of Chip Kelly’s offense, Brown could end up being a flex option even with a healthy McCoy.  Regardless, we saw both Leshoure and Brown as starters last year; do I really need to tell you which one has more upside?

By Jonathan Bales

Cowboys Coverage: Tyron Smith and More on Shotgun

At Dallas News, I continued my 2013 projections with left tackle Tyron Smith.

The Numbers

I tracked Smith as allowing only three sacks in 2012, but there’s evidence that he might have gotten a little lucky with that number. He actually allowed pressure on Tony Romo on 6.0 percent of his snaps in pass protection—around the same rate as Doug Free. He also committed 11 penalties—second-most on the team. However, only three of those penalties came after Week 6 of the season.

Smith was the Cowboys’ best run blocker in 2012, and it wasn’t even close. Dallas running backs averaged 4.47 YPC with Smith at the point-of-attack—well above the overall average of 3.56 YPC. Overall, I gave Smith a B- grade in my final 2012 scouting report.

What I Like

Smith went through a lot of off-field issues last season. It’s a great sign that he was not only able to turn in a decent campaign, but also improve substantially at a new position as the year progressed. We have to remember that this is a player who won’t turn 23 until the end of the season. At an age when many players are rookies, Smith could be dominant in his third year in the league.

What I Don’t Like

There’s not much to dislike about Smith’s future. His pressure rate was way too high in 2012, so that will need to improve. Based on league averages, a left tackle who yields as many pressures as Smith did last year typically gives up around nine sacks.

And I posted another analysis of Shotgun at NBC:

Below, I broke down the Cowboys’ 2012 Shotgun plays based on the down.

  • First Down: 32.5 percent
  • Second Down: 33.6 percent
  • Third/Fourth Down: 33.8 percent

The distribution is pretty incredible with nearly the exact same number of plays across the three downs (if we count third and fourth down together). So while Dallas uses Shotgun on the majority of their third down plays, it’s not like they never run it on first or second down.

I also broke down the Shotgun plays via quarter. The first number below is the percentage of total Shotgun plays that occurred in each quarter. The second number is the percentage of those plays that were on third down. So in the first quarter, the Cowboys ran 15.1 percent of their total Shotgun plays, but 54.9 percent of those first quarter plays were on third down.

  • First Quarter: 15.1 percent/54.9 percent
  • Second Quarter: 24.6 percent/32.8 percent
  • Third Quarter: 21.3 percent/33.6 percent
  • Fourth Quarter/Overtime: 39.0 percent/26.4 percent

By Jonathan Bales

Fantasy Football: Aaron Rodgers, Josh Gordon, and a New Draft Value Chart

I’ve posted a few fantasy football articles in the last couple days. The first, published at rotoViz, is a look at why I much prefer Aaron Rodgers over Drew Brees.

I’m addicted to the Similarity Score Apps. There, I said it. If I had a set game plan detailing things I wanted to accomplish prior to fooling around with the apps for 60 minutes every day, I probably would have written way more than five articles so far. I feel like when someone says “Peyton Manning is such a risky pick” and you respond with “Well the difference between his high and low comps is just 2.7 points per game” despite the fact that you’re nowhere near a computer, it might be time to reassess your timemanagement.

So yeah, I like these things. The greatest contribution the apps can and will provide for me this season is a more fundamental understanding of risk and reward on an individual basis. I’ve long been a proponent of determining the potential distribution of outcomes for players because, aside from a median projection, it allows us to factor uncertainty into rankings. If you’re deciding between two second-round quarterbacks, both of whom you have projected at 18.0 points per game, it’s probably wise to go with the safest option due to the price of the pick.

That’s not always the case, though. Outside of the first few rounds, owners should seek more and more volatility as the cost of picks—and their expected return—declines. Why in the world would you draft Eli Manning in the ninth round when you can have Michael Vick a full round later? Think about it. In that range, you’re starting to get into backup quarterback territory; Manning and Vick are currently the 13th and 14th passers getting selected. If the hope is that you won’t need to start those players anyway, why not draft the one who has elite potential?

And what if you draft a backup quarterback as an insurance policy against a risky option? Let’s say it’s Russell Wilson. If Wilson goes down, the overall philosophy of your team should shift to take on more risk. When you’re an underdog seeking volatility, the last thing you want to see is Joe Flacco in your starting lineup.

Check out the quarterback volatility rankings right here. I also published two articles at RotoWire. The first proposes a new draft trade value chart.

For the purposes of creating the chart, I’ll use Pro Football Reference’s VBD calculations. VBD is a form of “value over replacement player” in which you subtract the points for a “baseline” player from each player’s total points. The baselines are the No. 12 quarterback, No. 24 running back, No. 30 wide receiver, and No. 12 tight end. There are probably issues with VBD like any other value metric, but it does a better job of capturing “usable” value for fantasy owners; the VBD for the No. 12 quarterback or No. 30 wide receiver would be 0. That seems about right considering those players – or the guys ranked behind them – really offer little worth to fantasy owners.

The Numbers

I graphed the VBD for all players chosen in the top 24 from 2008 to 2012.


The value of the top two overall selections has been higher than for any other picks. That fits well with my previous research and suggests that in most drafts, there are a handful of elite prospects and then a big drop to the second tier.

Still, the graph is a bit scattered and there doesn’t appear to be a major drop over the first two rounds. Below, I sorted the results into four-selection increments.


Here, you can see that the VBD drop is pretty linear. The average VBD for the top four picks has been close to 80 – around twice that for picks 21 through 24. As I mentioned, however, that doesn’t mean that two picks at the end of the second round are equivalent to one at the top of the first. Actually, we now have a foundation from which to begin to build our chart since we know that the No. 1 overall selection is worth more than the No. 23 and No. 24 picks combined.

More to come.

And the other article includes some of my 2013 breakout candidates. Here are the wide receivers:

Darrius Heyward-Bey, Colts
Heyward-Bey is considered a bust because of his high draft slot, but he’s gotten better each year he’s been in the league. On a per-target basis, DHB has also shown great improvement in his fantasy numbers. He has some competition in Indianapolis, but he also has a quarterback who can propel him to WR2 status.

Justin Blackmon, Jaguars
Blackmon’s suspension should be viewed as a blessing in disguise for fantasy owners. Instead of docking Blackmon four games worth of points when creating his projection, you should subtract four games of points and then add the points you’ll receive from a replacement receiver. Since his ADP has already dropped four rounds since getting suspended, that makes Blackmon perhaps the best value in the entire draft at this point. And the receiver’s 64/865/5 line from 2012 is actually really good for a rookie.

Josh Gordon, Browns
Wide receivers who stand 6-3, 225 pounds and possess sub-4.5 speed aren’t easy to find. Gordon showed flashes in his rookie year with numbers comparable to Blackmon’s – 50 receptions, 805 yards and five scores. Most important, the big-play threat just turned 22, meaning there’s a ton of room for development.


Gordon may or may not break out this year, but there’s little doubt that he’s a volcano waiting to erupt. The fact that he looked so polished at such a young age suggests 2013 could be the season, and I can’t think of a wide receiver who offers better value in dynasty leagues.

By Jonathan Bales

New Books in the “Fantasy Football for Smart People” Series

In case you didn’t notice those massive cover images I posted at the top of the blog, I published a few books this year. The first is an updated version of last year’s book Fantasy Football for Smart People: How to Dominate Your Draft.

Fantasy Football for Smart People: How to Dominate Your Draft offers in-depth fantasy football draft strategy. The aim of the book is to provide advanced material for experienced fantasy football owners and “bottom line” analysis for novices. The book is not a collection of player rankings or projections, but rather an assessment of various draft strategies and fantasy football tenants. It will provide a solid foundation from which you can improve as an owner to dominate your draft for a decade to come.

The second examines 25 fantasy football puzzles. It’s called Fantasy Football for Smart People: What the Experts Don’t Want You to Know.

Fantasy Football for Smart People: What the Experts Don’t Want You to Know contains solutions to 25 of fantasy football’s most pressing questions. What’s the best draft spot? Do running backs really break down after a lot of carries? How should you project rookies? What’s the best waiver wire strategy? What the Experts Don’t Want You to Know will answer these important questions—and give you a wealth of fantasy football knowledge along the way—to provide the edge you need to make the jump toward becoming an advanced fantasy football owner.

And the final book, Fantasy Football for Smart People: How to Cash in on the Future of the Game, is a look into the world of weekly fantasy football.

Fantasy Football for Smart People: How to Cash in on the Future of the Game is the first book of its kind to break down the actual strategies used by the top owners in the world of weekly fantasy football. With weekly fantasy football growing at an exponential rate, there’s a whole lot of money to be made, and advanced weekly owners are already cashing in to the tune of hundreds of thousands of dollars in profit. With input from one of the weekly fantasy football “sharks”—FFFC $150,000 winner Peter Jennings—How to Cash in on the Future of the Game will show you how to manage your money, select the perfect websites, make projections, and create lineups so that you can finally treat your hobby as you always wanted—as an investment.

All three books are available on Amazon in both paperback and Kindle form. You can buy PDFs of the book at FantasyFootballDrafting.com, where I’m also selling my 2013 draft package for just $4.99.

By Jonathan Bales

Running the Numbers: 4 Ways to Help a Running Game

At DallasCowboys.com, I proposed four ways the Cowboys can fix their running game. As you might have guessed, “blindly run it more often” didn’t make the list.

2. Pass the ball effectively.

When the Eagles were passing the ball more often than every other NFL team to start the millennium, they were frequently among the league’s most efficient rushing teams. Defenses were so worried about defending the Eagles’ passing offense that they conceded the run in many situations. There’s perhaps no easier way to open up running lanes for DeMarco Murray and Joseph Randle than to hit Dez Bryant deep downfield. Rushing and passing have a synergistic effect; rushing efficiently can set up the pass, but passing the ball with success can also open up the run, creating a cycle that’s very difficult to halt.

3. Run the ball with “11” personnel and from spread formations.

It seems obvious at first glance: If you want to pound the rock, bring in the big boys and line them up tight. While that might be the most effective direction to go in isolation, football is a game of competing minds. When the Cowboys go heavy, so does the defense. When they line up tight, so does the defense. Many times, such packages and formations simply increase the number of blocks the offense needs to make for a play to work.

The Cowboys have typically found the most success rushing from “11” personnel – three receivers, one running back, and one tight end. That’s probably because 1) they spread the field and 2) defenses bring in smaller nickel personnel. Last year, Dallas averaged 4.35 yards per carry (YPC) with “11” personnel, but only 3.31 YPC on all other rushes. When all is said and done, the rookie who could help the Cowboys’ rushing game the most might actually be Terrance Williams. If he can catch some passes and block well enough that the Cowboys feel comfortable using him even when they want to run the ball, the team should be able to improve their rushing efficiency.

Here’s the full post.

By Jonathan Bales

Examining the Cowboys’ Shotgun Running Game

Why don’t the Cowboys run more out of Shotgun? I took a look at NBC.

In 2012, the Cowboys used shotgun on over 50 percent of their offensive snaps (548). Many of those were on third down or late in games when defenses knew they’d pass, but many were also in normal game situations. I tracked the run/pass balance from each formation.

Gun 3 Wide Pro: 18 passes, 0 runs
Gun 5 Wide: 39 passes, 0 runs
Gun Spread: 96 passes, 3 runs
Gun Tight End Spread: 140 passes, 13 runs
Gun Tight End Trips: 85 passes, 22 runs
Gun Trips: 129 passes, 2 runs

So the Cowboys had 548 plays from a shotgun formation, but ran the ball from gun just 40 times (7.3 percent). That wouldn’t be a problem if the team used shotgun solely in pass-only situations, but Garrett called for shotgun quite often in the first half, in close games, on first and second down, and so on. That’s an advantage to the defense, even if they don’t know where the ball will be thrown, because the defensive line can pin their ears back and come right after Tony Romo. The Cowboys could theoretically hit them with a screen pass to stop the rush, but they don’t; they ran all of eight screen passes to running backs in 2012.

Check it out right here.

By Jonathan Bales

Is this the year that Jason Witten will break down?

At Dallas News, I argued that Jason Witten is in for a steep decline in production in 2013.

The Numbers

Yes, Witten hauled in 110 passes in 2012, but that’s due primarily to a massive workload in situations when the Cowboys were forced to throw the football. Of Witten’s 110 receptions, 79 came when the Cowboys were losing and 25 came when the team was tied. That means that Witten caught all of six passes when the Cowboys were winning last year. Six passes!

Bulk stats can be important, but efficiency stats better predict future play. How will Witten perform in 2013 if he sees only 130 targets instead of the career-high 150 he had last season? On a per-catch and per-target basis, Witten actually wasn’t at his best in 2012. His average reception went for just 9.4 yards—a career-low—and he also checked in below seven yards per target. Even on a per-route basis, Witten’s steady decline continued. . .

The truth is that Witten didn’t play any better in 2012 than he did in prior seasons—he was actually slightly worse—but he just saw way more opportunities.

Check out the whole article.

By Jonathan Bales

Running the Numbers: Projecting Escobar, Williams, and Randle in 2013

My latest “Running the Numbers” entry is a projection of the Cowboys’ skill position rookies. Here’s a preview on Williams:

WR Terrance Williams

The selection of Williams was intriguing for Dallas because his production will likely be inversely connected to that of Escobar in 2013. Since the two won’t be on the field together too often unless a starter gets injured, Williams’ production will increase as Escobar’s declines, and vice versa.

The ’Boys probably want to see Escobar on the field more than Williams simply because that would mean the team is winning more often. Last year, the Cowboys were forced into using at least three receivers on 56 percent of their snaps. That won’t happen again this year. Barring injury, it’s more likely that Williams will play around 45 percent of the Cowboys’ snaps. That would probably put him in the range of about 475 total plays.

Historically, Romo has targeted his No. 3 receiver on around 12 percent of snaps with at least three receivers on the field. There’s no reason to think that rate will change much in 2013, giving Williams 57 targets. No. 3 receivers often haul in a high percentage of their looks, usually around 65 percent. Williams’ rate could actually be a bit lower since he figures to see a lot of downfield targets. His catch rate will probably hover around 60 percent, but he could easily average 16.0 YPR. Those figures would give him 34 receptions for 544 yards. Like Escobar, Williams could help Dallas in the red zone as early as this year. With 34 catches, Williams should be able to find the end zone at least four times.

  • Final Projection: 34 receptions, 544 yards, 4 TDs

To the guy who commented “I have cut and pasted this idiots projection numbers, and saved them on a word document, to later review after the season”….

Please do. Maybe you could submit your projections for the players and we’ll see who is closer at the end of the year. Sound good?